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Ticagrelor inverse agonist activity at the P2Y12 receptor is non-reversible versus its endogenous agonist ADP.
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  • Jawad Khalil,
  • Tudor Dimofte,
  • Michael Keith,
  • Tim Roberts,
  • Sukhinder Bancroft,
  • James Hutchinson,
  • Khalid Naseem,
  • Tom Johnson,
  • Stuart Mundell
Jawad Khalil
University of Bristol

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Tudor Dimofte
University of Bristol
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Michael Keith
University of Bristol
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Tim Roberts
University of Bristol
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Sukhinder Bancroft
University of Bristol
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James Hutchinson
University of Bristol
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Khalid Naseem
University of Leeds School of Medicine
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Tom Johnson
University of Bristol
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Stuart Mundell
University of Bristol
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Abstract

Background: Ticagrelor is labelled as a reversible, direct-acting platelet P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) antagonist that is indicated clinically for the prevention of thrombotic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). As with many antiplatelet drugs, ticagrelor therapy increases bleeding risk in patients which in emergency situations requires platelet transfusion although there is ongoing debate on its effectiveness following ticagrelor therapy. The aim of this study was to further examine the reversibility of ticagrelor at the P2Y12R. Methods: Studies were performed in human platelets with both P2Y12R-stimulated GTPase activity and platelet aggregation assessed. Cell-based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays were also undertaken to assess G protein subunit activation downstream of P2Y12R activation. Results: Initial studies revealed a range of P2Y12R ligands including ticagrelor displayed inverse agonist activity at the P2Y12R. Of these only ticagrelor was resistant to wash-out. In both human platelets and cell-based assays, washing failed to reverse ticagrelor-dependent inhibition of ADP-stimulated P2Y12R function in contrast to other P2Y12R antagonists. The P2Y12R agonist 2MeSADP, which was also resistant to wash-out, was able to effectively compete with ticagrelor. In silico docking revealed that ticagrelor and 2MeSADP penetrated more deeply into the orthosteric binding pocket of the P2Y12R than other P2Y12R ligands. Conclusion: Ticagrelor binding to the P2Y12R is prolonged and more akin to that of an irreversible antagonist especially versus the endogenous P2Y12R agonist ADP. This study highlights the potential clinical need for novel ticagrelor reversal strategies in patients with spontaneous major bleeding and bleeding associated with urgent invasive procedures.
22 Jun 2022Submitted to British Journal of Pharmacology
29 Jun 2022Submission Checks Completed
29 Jun 2022Assigned to Editor
22 Jul 2022Reviewer(s) Assigned
11 Aug 2022Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
23 Aug 2022Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
12 May 20231st Revision Received
15 May 2023Submission Checks Completed
15 May 2023Assigned to Editor
15 May 2023Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
18 May 2023Reviewer(s) Assigned
02 Jul 2023Editorial Decision: Accept