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Coronary Artery Involvement in Type A Aortic Dissection: Fate of the Coronaries
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  • Matti Jubouri,
  • Fatima Kayali,
  • Mohammed Al-Tawil,
  • Sven Zhen Cian Patrick Tan,
  • Ian Williams,
  • Mohammed Idhrees,
  • Bashi Velayudhan,
  • Mohamad Bashir
Matti Jubouri
Hull York Medical School

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Fatima Kayali
University of Central Lancashire School of Medicine
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Mohammed Al-Tawil
Al Quds University Faculty of Medicine
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Sven Zhen Cian Patrick Tan
Queen Mary University of London Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
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Ian Williams
University Hospital of Wales
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Mohammed Idhrees
SRM Institutes for Medical Science Vadapalani
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Bashi Velayudhan
SRM Institutes for Medical Science Vadapalani
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Mohamad Bashir
NHS Wales Health Education and Improvement Wales
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Abstract

Background: Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) involves a tear in the intimal layer of the thoracic aorta proximal to the left subclavian artery, and hence, carries a high risk of mortality and morbidity and requires urgent intervention. This dissection can extend into the main coronary arteries. Coronary artery involvement in TAAD can either be due to retrograde extension of the dissection flap into the coronaries or compression and/or blockage of these vessels by the dissection flap, possibly causing myocardial ischaemia. Due to the emergent nature of TAAD, coronary involvement is often missed during diagnosis, thereby delaying the required intervention. Aims: The main scope of this review is to summarise the literature on the incidence, mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of coronary artery involvement in TAAD. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Ovid, Scopus and Embase, to identify and extract relevant studies. Results: Incidence of coronary artery involvement in TAAD was seldom reported in the literature, however, some studies have described patients diagnosed either preoperatively, intraoperatively following aortic clamping, or even during autopsy. Among the few studies that reported on this matter, the treatment choice for coronary involvement in TAAD was varied, with the majority revascularizing the coronary arteries using coronary artery bypass grafting or direct local repair of the vessels. It is well-established that coronary artery involvement in TAAD adds to the already high mortality and morbidity associated with this disease. Lastly, the right main coronary artery was often more implicated than the left. Conclusion: This review reiterates the significance of an accurate diagnosis and timely and effective interventions to improve prognosis. Finally, further large cohort studies and longer trials are needed to reach a definitive consensus on the best approach for coronary involvement in TAAD.
04 Sep 2022Submitted to Journal of Cardiac Surgery
04 Sep 2022Assigned to Editor
04 Sep 2022Submission Checks Completed
05 Sep 2022Reviewer(s) Assigned
09 Sep 2022Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
10 Sep 2022Editorial Decision: Accept