Polyadenylation-based mitotranscriptomics of Apis mellifera (Insecta:
Hymenoptera)
Abstract
Mitochondrial transcription is being studied with the increasing
interest to better understand the coding capacity of mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA). Based on studies showing that mtDNA encodes additional genes
that are not functional in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), it has
been understood that mitochondrial transcription is more complex than
previously thought. In this study, mitochondrial transcription was
investigated in terms of polyadenylation patterns in Apis mellifera
(Insecta: Hymenoptera). We found that both sense and antisense
transcripts were captured and polyadenylated, and gene expression levels
and polyadenylation length were highly variable between genes in Apis.
Mitochondrial RNAs of A. mellifera were found to be polyadenylated with
an average size of 31 adenines. Nevertheless, the highest transcript
representatives of each gene generally appeared to have polyadenylation
of size 5-9 bases. Generally, transcripts containing longer and/or
shorter forms of each gene were thought to indicate the existence of
putative UTR-containing genes, functional non-coding RNA genes and
variant gene forms. We showed that some transcripts contain non-template
dependent additional nucleotides before polyadenyl tail. Transcripts
containing at least some bases of the intergenic regions downstream of
the gene had the highest transcript representation after the
monocistronic gene units. These findings support the possible functional
role of the intergenic regions.