Elusive mustelids – 18 months in the search of stoat (Mustela erminea)
and weasel (M. nivalis)
Abstract
Stoat (Mustela erminea) and weasel (M. nivalis) are hard to monitor as
they are elusive of nature and leave few identifying marks in their
surroundings. Stoat and weasel are both fully protected in Denmark and
thought to be widely distributed throughout the country. Despite this
stoat and weasel were listed on the Danish Red List as Near Threatened
in 2019, as their densities and population trends are unknown. Using a
modified novel camera trapping device, the Double-Mostela, specifically
devel-oped to monitor and individually identify stoat and weasel, we
attempted to make density estimates based on identification of
individual stoats and weasels. We deployed camera traps both inside
Double-Mostela traps and externally in three different study areas in
Northern Zealand, Denmark, and tested commercial, American scent-based
lures to attract stoat and weasel. We obtained trapping rates of 0.03
and 0.06 weasel per 100 camera trap days and 0.45 and 1.26 stoats per
100 camera trap days in two of the study areas, respectively. This is
low compared to other countries and in one study area both species were
absent. We found no effect of scent-based lures in attracting small
mustelids com-pared to non-bait traps. Potential reasons behind low
capture rates of weasel and stoat are land use changes over the last 200
years, predation from larger predators, birds of prey and free-roaming,
domestic cats as well as unintended secondary poisoning with
rodenticides. Due to the scarcity of weasel and stoat captures, we were
unable to make density estimates based on identification of individuals,
however, we identified potential features that could be used for
identification and density estimates with more captures.