Introduction
Interleukin (IL)-5 is a potent mediator of the inflammatory cascade in
the allergic response. It binds to the α−chain of the IL-5 receptor
(IL-5R) and modulates the eosinophil maturation in the bone marrow,
recruitment, and activation at sites of allergic inflammation.
Interleukin-5 also regulates the functions of basophils and mast cells,
enhancing the release of their mediators.
Its predominant role in atopic reactions makes this cytokine an ideal
target for blocking the eosinophilic inflammatory hyper-responsiveness
to allergens.
The management of allergic diseases in childhood – such as severe
asthma, atopic dermatitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis - is a
challenge. In particular, there are concerns regarding the use of
high-dose corticosteroids. Over the last few years, biologics targeting
IL-5 or IL-5 receptor - that are mepolizumab, reslizumab, and
benralizumab - represent a new, promising, and more personalized
therapeutic option.