Introduction
Interleukin (IL)-5 is a potent mediator of the inflammatory cascade in the allergic response. It binds to the α−chain of the IL-5 receptor (IL-5R) and modulates the eosinophil maturation in the bone marrow, recruitment, and activation at sites of allergic inflammation. Interleukin-5 also regulates the functions of basophils and mast cells, enhancing the release of their mediators.
Its predominant role in atopic reactions makes this cytokine an ideal target for blocking the eosinophilic inflammatory hyper-responsiveness to allergens.
The management of allergic diseases in childhood – such as severe asthma, atopic dermatitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis - is a challenge. In particular, there are concerns regarding the use of high-dose corticosteroids. Over the last few years, biologics targeting IL-5 or IL-5 receptor - that are mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab - represent a new, promising, and more personalized therapeutic option.