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\begin{document}

\title{PREreview Journal Club (UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child
Health)~}



\author[1]{Laura Katus}%
\author[1]{Sophie Adler-Wagstyl}%
\author[1]{Maria Eriksson}%
\affil[1]{University College London}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\sloppy


\section*{}

{\label{463319}}

\section*{{[}~ Child Growth Predicts Brain Functional Connectivity and
Future Cognitive Outcomes in Urban Bangladeshi Children Exposed to Early
Adversities {]}
~}

{\label{463319}}\par\null

\subsection*{{[}Wanze Xie, Sarah K. Jensen, Mark Wade, Swapna Kumar,
Alissa Westerlund, Shahria H. Kakon, Rashidul Haque, William A. Petri,
Charles A. Nelson, 22 Oct 2018, version \#1,
biorxiv{]}}

{\label{720048}}\par\null

\subsubsection*{{[} 10.1101/447722 {]}}

{\label{236037}}

\section*{}

{\label{463319}}

\section*{PREreview Guidelines}

{\label{993054}}

\textbf{Overview and take-home messages:}

\emph{}The authors propose a potential mediating effect of neural
connectivity on the link between growth stunting and cognitive outcome
in two Bangladeshi cohorts assessed during infancy and toddlerhood,
respectively. Neuroimaging evidence from low- and middle-income
countries is extremely scarce and so this data set holds great value to
better understand the important issue of suboptimal developmental
outcomes of children in low- and middle-income countries.

\textbf{Positive feedback:}

\textbf{}

Neuroimaging evidence from low- and middle-income countries is extremely
scarce and so this data set holds great value to better understand the
important issue of suboptimal developmental outcomes of children in low-
and middle-income countries. The data are of particular value as they
were collected in very young age groups, which are of great relevance in
the field in context of early identification and intervention.

\textbf{Major concerns:}

\par\null

In reviewing the manuscript, we had some questions to the authors and
some concerns that in our opinion need to be addressed prior to
publication of this work.

\par\null

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  The authors examine the link between growth and cognitive outcome,
  however growth is defined cross-sectionally as growth status at Time 1
  only. Could growth be assessed more longitudinally, within each the
  infant and the toddler cohort, say by looking at a percentile change
  from Time 1 to Time 2? Many factors in participants' environments
  could have led them to either show a `catch -up' effect or contrarily
  exhibit stunting or wasting between the time of the anthropometric
  measures and the age at which cognitive outcome is assessed.
\item
  Can the authors comment on the fact that although participants in both
  the infant and the toddler cohort were tested twice, EEG connectivity
  and growth were only measured at T1 and cognitive outcome at T2? A
  change in connectivity corresponding to a change in say z score of
  both growth and cognitive score would be more compelling?
\item
  Could the authors expand on their motivation for the chosen growth
  indicators in context of undernutrition, and not others commonly used
  such as mid-upper arm circumference? In relation to this, could the
  authors have taken into account other factors impacting growth (in
  particular parental height)?
\item
  Methodological concerns with cognitive outcome measures: did authors
  encounter any difficulties employing these in this Bangladeshi cohort
  and were any adaptations made to make them appropriate for use in this
  context?
\item
  In the methods section - could the authors expand on the explanation
  of mediation analyses and how they were conducted, i.e. how multiple
  comparisons were corrected for? It is currently difficult to
  critically appraise this models without more details.
\end{enumerate}

\textbf{Minor concerns:}

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  Could the authors expand on the their interpretation of the
  differential activity within certain frequency bands and what this
  could mean for cognitive functioning in specific domains? It might
  also be useful to the reader to mention how the frequency bands change
  across development (as they define the Hz range of the bands
  differently according to age group). Finally, and this might be not be
  the main goal of the presented analysis, but do the authors have any
  thoughts on whether differential associations between the examined
  frequency bands could be pulled out if they were to examine subscales
  of Mullen/WPPSI as opposed to a composite score/full scale IQ.
\item
  Information on data processing and source analysis methods is missing
  from pre-print, so cannot be commented on. We trust that additional
  information is provided there regarding:
\end{enumerate}

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Participant characteristics and demographics, including recruitment
  procedures
\item
  Data quality in terms of retained/assessed for both cognitive and EEG
  assessment
\end{itemize}

p3 `children's brain and development cognitive functions' -
`developing/development of cognitive functions'

p3 `behaivoral' - `behavioral'

p3 `refect' - ~`reflect'

p5 `Scalre' - `Scale'

p7 acronyms CFI, SRMR and RMSEA are not previously defined in the
manuscript

p9 `Servey' - `Survey'

\par\null

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