Where m is the number of members of the coalition S, n is the number of members of the set N, S- {i} is a coalition that does not belong to i 12.
Since each laboratory’s share is calculated based on expected cash flows, but these cash flows are uncertain, Shapley’s value can support this profit sharing. Thus, the profit of each laboratory is predicted by the weighted average of the value of each laboratory in the laboratory net income according to formula 3.