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\begin{document}

\title{Tight coupling of soil quality with fungal community composition in a
Chinese fir plantation chronosequence}



\author[1]{Liang Chen}%
\author[1]{Wenhua Xiang}%
\author[1]{Shuai Ouyang}%
\author[1]{Huili Wu}%
\author[2]{Qi Xia}%
\author[1]{Jiani Ma}%
\author[1]{Yelin Zeng}%
\author[1]{Pifeng Lei}%
\author[3]{wenfa xiao}%
\author[4]{Shenggong Li}%
\author[5]{Yakov Kuzyakov}%
\affil[1]{Central South University of Forestry and Technology}%
\affil[2]{Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Campus}%
\affil[3]{Chinese Academy of Forestry}%
\affil[4]{Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences }%
\affil[5]{Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science. Russian Academy of Sciences}%


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  \date{June 11, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
How soil quality and microbial communities change in conjunction with
stand age in plantations is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated soil
quality by using an integrated soil quality index (SQI) and traced the
paralleled shifts in fungal community composition by high-throughput
sequencing in a chronosequence of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata)
plantations (stand age of 3, 16, 25, 32, \textgreater{}80 years). Soil
properties showed pronounced changes with stand age in the top 0-5 cm.
The most prominent increase from 3 to \textgreater{}80-year-old stand
was for soil organic carbon (SOC, by 2.1-times), total nitrogen (TN,
1.9-times) and available phosphorus (AP, 2.2-times). SQI increased
logarithmically with stand age, with sharper change seen in the 0-5 cm
layer than in the 5-15 cm layer. Mycorrhizal fungi increased in
abundance initially in younger stands, but then they were gradually
replaced by saprotrophic fungi in older stands due to the increase in
litter input, which sustains saprotrophs. The positive correlation
between saprotrophic fungi and the key soil quality indicators, such as
TN, AP and NH4+, showed that higher soil quality was tightly linked with
the enrichment of decomposers. Mycorrhizal taxa, such as orders
Sebacinales, Thelephorales and Russulales, were positively correlated
with acid phosphatase mobilizing P from organic matter. This suggests
that the establishment of mycorrhizal fungi sustains tree productivity
in younger stands under low soil quality. We conclude that the increase
in soil quality throughout the development of Chinese fir plantations is
closely linked with the observed transition of fungal communities from
mycorrhizae to saprotrophs.%
\end{abstract}%



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