Distribution pattern and phylogenetic relatonship of cpDNA
haplotypes
A total of 19 haplotypes were detected (Figure 1, Table 1), among which
8 haplotypes were unique only to one population, while haplotype H13 was
the most common one, followed by H5. Number of haplotypes in each
populations ranged from 1 to 4, whereas 5 populations owned only one
kind of halotype.
The distribution showed a geographically relevant pattern with 3
geographic groups, also conferred by the haplotype network (Figure 2)
and phylogenetic tree (Figure 3). The first group distributed in the
northwest (NW), clearly involving population MP, LiS and BTM, contained
3 haplotypes (H1-H3) with H3 being the most frequent one. The second
group scattered in the southwest (SW), west from Dabie Mt. to the east
of Hengduan Mt., comprising 6 haplotypes (H4-H9) in which H5 was the
most dominant one. The third group dispersed from the northeast of Dabie
Mt. to Korea, regarded as the east region (E), possessed the most
abundant haplotypes (H10-H19), in which H13 took up the most common
part.
In a higher resolution, Group E can be further separated into two
groups: the northeast group (NE) involving haplotypes of H14-H19, and
the southeast group (SE) comprising haplotypes of H10-H12, as four
regional groups described above (Table 1). Nonetheless, group SE was not
monophyletic in this partition. In a lower resolution, all the
haplotypes could be allocated into 2 groups: group NW, and all the other
groups, amalgamating group SW and E (NE+SE).