Population dynamics
In neutrality test, the value of Tajima’s D and Fu’sF S of all populations and geographical groups was
mainly positive, or unremarkable negative but P>0.05 (Table 5), denoting that the hypothesis of neutral
evolution was not to be excluded. Mismatch distribution analyses implied
that all geographical groups did not refuse to have experienced sudden
expansion (P (SSD) > 0.05, P (Rag)
> 0.05), except the northeast group whoseP (Rag)=0.04, slightly lower than 0.05, but also indicating a
potential expansion (Table 6). Unimodal distribution curves detected in
all and in each region further proved a recent demographic expansions
(Figure 8). The expansion time of each groups were accessed according to
the formula T =τ/2u (Rogers & Harpending, 1992; Rogers, 1995). It
was estimated that the southwest group (SW) expanded first in 0.719 Mya
(95% CI: 0.022-1.452), followed by the southeast group (SE) in 0.665
Mya (95% CI: 0.000-1.249), and the last northwest group (NW) in 0.586
Mya (95% CI: 0.000-0.684).