Material properties, assuming homogeneous

The material properties used for every analysis are shown in Table 1. These properties are not real data, but are fairly representative of steel, and were taken from an analysis example given in the Abaqus Manuals [69]. Notice that the plasticity model is a piece-wise linear strain-hardening model, such that initial yield takes place at a von Mises stress of 300 MPa, and that subsequent higher stresses are supported at the given corresponding plastic strain levels.