Other traits
LMA moderately increased with elevation (F1,127=8.4,p =0.004, r2=0.06), as did leaf thickness (F1,127 =5.8, p =0.017, r2adj=0.04): Including the CAM plants in the analysis—all lowland plants with very high LMA and thick leaves—rendered these relationship non-significant. Leaf size decreased with elevation (F1,132=10.0, p =0.002, r2=0.07), also when the CAM plants were included. As expected, opposite patterns were found with increasing site temperature. Other functional traits (density, LDMC, and leaf length: width ratio) did not change significantly with elevation. Likewise, there was no change in the thermal time constant (τ) with elevation. CAM plants fell on the extremes of the distributions of most functional traits, τ, and heat tolerance, but there were insufficient CAM or C4plants to develop separate models for species with different photosynthetic pathways. Analyses of trait correlations and phylogenetic controlled least square means models therefore focused on C3 plants alone.