Strengths and Limitations 
Our study was conducted directly with our residents and the clinical cases were derived from real situations in order to get as close as possible to a current clinical practice. However neonatal outcome was not communicated at the end of the first session so as not to influence the responses of the residents, the knowledge of an unfavorable neonatal outcome leading to a more pessimistic evaluation of the FHR (11,32).
This study has limitations. Only 6 cases were selected reflecting only part of FHR abnormalities and obstetric context. In addition, during the second session, the same clinical cases were evaluated. Finally, these positive results are based on theoretical cases and it will be interesting to evaluate their impact in current practice. We also choose not to ask experts to classify fetal heart rate. Even if interpretation of FHR was more homogenous after the formation, we cannot conclude on a better practice.