Cytokine production
In this whole blood system, stimulation with 100 ng/mL of LPS increased
the TNF-α concentration of 29.86 (± 11.88) pg/mL compared with
11.95 (± 9.05) pg/mL under control conditions (p = 0.032) (Fig. 1). LPS
increased IL-10 production compared with control conditions (p = 0.001),
but IFN-γ alone had no significant effect on either TNF-α or IL-10
levels.
However, the addition of IFN-γ
treatment to LPS stimulation led to further increases in TNF-α
concentrations, reaching 138.41 (± 49.46) pg/mL (p = 0.0386) (Fig. 1).
Conversely, when IFN-γ was added to LPS treated blood, IL-10 was
significantly decreased (p = 0.001). This was similar to the levels
observed in the control conditions.