Risk of bias in individual studies
Two authors (Xiajing Chu, Jingwen Li) independently assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool17. When disagreements arose, a third investigator was consulted (Meixuan Li). Each study was determined as having a low, high, or unclear risk of bias relating to sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of outcome assessors, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other sources of bias. Any disagreements were resolved via discussion among the authors18.