Limitation
This is a single-center study of a small number of patients. Although
ECG and Holter monitoring was regularly performed during the 1-year
follow-up, AF recurrence may be underestimated. The ICE catheter was
placed in the LA to obtain a clear image of the area surrounding the PV.
Nevertheless, this may still cause angulation errors in the direction of
the ultrasound beam perpendicular to the LA/PV surface and distort the
measurement.