COVID-19 is a complex disease and many difficulties are faced today
especially in the proper choice of pharmacological treatments. The role
of antiviral agents for COVID-19 is still being investigated. The
evidence for immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory drugs is quite
conflicting, while the use of corticosteroids is supported by robust
evidence. The use of heparins in hospitalized critically ill patients is
preferred over other anticoagulants. Lastly, conflicting data were found
regarding to the use of convalescent plasma and vitamin D. According to
data shared by the WHO, many vaccines are under phase 3 clinical trials
and some of them already received the marketing approval in EU countries
and in the US. In conclusion, drugs repurposing has represented the main
approach recently used in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. At
this moment, the analysis of efficacy and safety data of drugs and
vaccines used in real life context is strongly needed.