Conclusions
AGV in the present study area suffers from human activities such as over grazing. This may lead to habitat degradation and vegetation destruction in some part of the area. Knowledge of the SSB and its temporal and spatial variation is a useful tool for conservation and restoration efforts. This study showed that shrubs, overall, played an important role in reserving of herbaceous species seeds under their canopies. However, the extent to which shrubs affects SSB characteristics is dependent on the species of shrub. These different roles of shrubs on SSB are advised to be considered in restoration of areas through conservation of endemic shrubs in the semiarid regions. Although,E. stellata has a low or intermediate palatability for grazers, it can be of priority for rangeland improvement and, restoration of degraded sites if plant diversity increase is of priority. However, highest SSB density under the canopy of A. scoparia with its potential in medicinal and grazing uses may be considered for recovery of degraded site through planting of this shrub as second priority.