PEAK Trough Reference
IL-1β Bedtime Early morning (Einhorn, Majeska, Rush, Levine & Horowitz, 1995)
IL-2 1200 h (Young, Matthews, Kanabrocki, Sothern, Roitman-Johnson & Scheving, 1995)
IL-6
First Peak 1900 h Second Peak 0500h
(Vgontzas, Bixler, Lin, Prolo, Trakada & Chrousos, 2005)
IL-8 First peak 1000 h Second peak 2100h (Rahman et al., 2015)
IL-10* First peak 0730 h Second peak 1930 h (Young, Matthews, Kanabrocki, Sothern, Roitman-Johnson & Scheving, 1995)
G-CSF 2200 h (Jilma, Hergovich, Stohlawetz, Eichler, Bauer & Wagner, 1999)
GM-CSF
First peak 1330 h Second peak 1930 h – 2330 h (Young, Matthews, Kanabrocki, Sothern, Roitman-Johnson & Scheving, 1995) (Rahman et al., 2015; Young, Matthews, Kanabrocki, Sothern, Roitman-Johnson & Scheving, 1995)
TNFα
First Peak 0730 h Second Peak 1200 h –1330h (Young, Matthews, Kanabrocki, Sothern, Roitman-Johnson & Scheving, 1995) (Young, Matthews, Kanabrocki, Sothern, Roitman-Johnson & Scheving, 1995; Zabel, Linnemann & Schlaak, 1993)
MCP1 0200 h (Rahman et al., 2015)