2. Furosemide
A molecule that fulfils all the above-mentioned criteria is the loop
diuretic furosemide
(4-chloro-5-sulfamoyl-N -furfuryl-anthranilate), which has
previously been reported to show significant inhibition of the cytokine
production associated with activation of the innate immune system.
Structurally, furosemide is related to the tryptophan metabolite
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) which, among other various tryptophan
metabolites, acts as endogenous modulator of innate immunity exhibiting
anti-inflammatory properties by supressing production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines; moreover, analogous to furosemide, other
loop diuretics also share this anthranilate structural motif (See Figure
1).