2. Furosemide
A molecule that fulfils all the above-mentioned criteria is the loop diuretic furosemide (4-chloro-5-sulfamoyl-N -furfuryl-anthranilate), which has previously been reported to show significant inhibition of the cytokine production associated with activation of the innate immune system. Structurally, furosemide is related to the tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) which, among other various tryptophan metabolites, acts as endogenous modulator of innate immunity exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties by supressing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines; moreover, analogous to furosemide, other loop diuretics also share this anthranilate structural motif (See Figure 1).