The transboundary animal diseases and One Health
The “One Health” is a concept that introduces that mankind health is
closely interdependent with animal health and environmental health. This
concept is defined by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)
(World Organisation foe Animal Health, 2020). This approach facilitates
control and prevention of emerging zoonotic diseases. Transboundary
animal diseases (TADs) defined those that can spread very rapidly
through of animals, irrespective of national boards and lead to serious
socio-economic harm and possibly public health (Torres-Velez et al.
2019). TADs circulate widely in worldwide. In general, TADs
predominantly are in low-countries or with less than optimal biosafety,
particularly in South Asian countries, although no country is immune
from the risk of TADs. These countries recognized as a global hotspot
for emergence or re-emergence of infectious diseases of animal source
such as COVID-19. On the other hand, protected areas are surrounded by
human developed area in these countries (Fig 6) which makes these areas
more prone for COVID-19 virus transmission between human and wild
animals. Improvement of human health, animal health, and environmental
health by One Health approach to the control of emerging zoonotic
disease at the national, regional and global level is worth with the
increasing emergence of infectious diseases. Thus, the human and animal
health professionals should comprehensive perception about the concept
of One Health, understand the complexities of the spread of zoonotic
disease between human and animals, and use the One Health approach in
their clinical actions. Collaboration and communication between human
health and wildlife professionals can result in human and animal health
that can be identified by practicing One Health (Dhama et al. 2013).
Practicing One Health is critical in the identification and prevention
of diseases relevant to occupational health hazards (Dhama et al. 2013).
The main percent of COVID-19 patients associate with occupational
exposure, such as persons who worked in the wet market or protected area
rangers. International Labour Organization (ILO) has introduced COVID-19
as a first new occupational disease in this decade (International Labour
Organization , 2020). Implementation of One Health approach needs to
collaborative efforts of veterinary and human medicine, environmental,
wildlife and public health (Osburn et al., 2009). The collaborate of
international organizations like World Organization for Animal Health
(WOAH), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), and World Health
Organization (WHO) suggest for the disease management measures (United
Nations, 2008).