Insulin resistance and Lactobacilus.
Hundreds of studies have attempted to find an efficacy of LAB on insulin resistance-associated diseases. However, most of them are underpowered or have some methodological flaws. Moreover, not all LAB strains have the same action on insulin resistance 41 and new better designed studies with the appropriate LAB are required. A large meta-analysis found that the intake of probiotics resulted in minor but consistent improvements in several metabolic risk factors in subjects with metabolic diseases, and in particular in insulin resistance42. Another recent meta-analysis found that an oral supplementation with probiotics or synbiotics has a small effect in reducing waist circumference but no effect on body weight or body mass index (BMI) 43. Kefir, a fermented milk product, was not found to be more effective than yoghurt in the glycemic control of obesity, possibly because there are insufficient differences between both 44. Nrf2 may be involved in diseases associated with insulin-resistance 45-47. “Ancient foods”, and particularly those containing Lactobacillus , activate Nrf248. The microbiome is highly related to insulin resistance.