Does metabolic fitness at the cellular and individual level affect COVID-19?
Systemic dysregulation of metabolism, such as that seen in obesity and diabetes is a risk factor of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection and of COVID-19 severity58. These diseases lead to chronic systemic inflammation, upregulation of SARS-CoV-2 receptors in the lungs and the periphery, and they disturb the glucose and lipid metabolism of tissues and immune cells.14,77,78