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\begin{document}

\title{Simulations with the Marine Biogeochemistry Library (MARBL)}



\author[1]{Matthew C. Long}%
\author[2]{Jefferson Keith Moore}%
\author[1]{Keith Lindsay}%
\author[1]{Michael N Levy}%
\author[3]{Scott C. Doney}%
\author[4]{Jessica Y. Luo}%
\author[5]{Kristen Marie Krumhardt}%
\author[6]{Robert T. Letscher}%
\author[5]{Maxwell Grover}%
\author[7]{Zephyr T Sylvester}%
\affil[1]{National Center for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)}%
\affil[2]{University of California, Irvine}%
\affil[3]{University of Virginia}%
\affil[4]{NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory}%
\affil[5]{National Center for Atmospheric Research}%
\affil[6]{University of Hampshire}%
\affil[7]{University of Colorado}%


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  \date{June 13, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The Marine Biogeochemistry Library (MARBL) is a prognostic ocean
biogeochemistry model that simulates marine ecosystem dynamics and the
coupled cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, silicon, and
oxygen. MARBL is a component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM);
it supports flexible ecosystem configuration of multiple phytoplankton
and zooplankton functional types; it is also portable, designed to
interface with multiple ocean circulation models. Here, we present
scientific documentation of MARBL, describe its configuration in CESM2
experiments included in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
version 6 (CMIP6), and evaluate its performance against a number of
observational datasets. The model simulates an air-sea
CO\textsubscript{2} flux and many aspects of the carbon cycle in good
agreement with observations. However, the simulated integrated uptake of
anthropogenic CO\textsubscript{2} is weak, which we link to poor
thermocline ventilation, a feature evident in simulated
chlorofluorocarbon distributions. This also contributes to
larger-than-observed oxygen minimum zones. Moreover, radiocarbon
distributions show that the simulated circulation in the deep North
Pacific is extremely sluggish, yielding extensive oxygen depletion and
nutrient trapping at depth. Surface macronutrient biases are generally
positive at low latitudes and negative at high latitudes. CESM2
simulates globally-integrated net primary production (NPP) of 48 Pg C
yr\textsuperscript{-1} and particulate export flux at 100 m of 7.1 Pg C
yr\textsuperscript{-1}. The impacts of climate change include an
increase in globally-integrated NPP, but substantial declines in the
North Atlantic. Particulate export is projected to decline globally,
attributable to decreasing export efficiency associated with changes in
phytoplankton community composition.%
\end{abstract}%



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