Table 2: Univariate PERMANOVA results indicating the p-value (top; *=p<0.05, **=p<0.005, ***=p<0.0005), R2 (middle) and p-value for homoscedasticity (bottom, significance indicates violation of the assumptions of PERMANOVA). Results are provided for the full dataset (all sites at 0.01% threshold for bacterial relative abundance per sample), the strictly filtered dataset (all sites at 0.1% threshold for bacterial relative abundance), the samples collected from REGUA area sites (excluding southern sites), and the samples collected from fragments outside of REGUA (excluding southern sites). Grey shading indicates variables that significantly differentiated microbiomes and did not violate the assumptions of homoscedasticity.
All Localities All Localities, Strictly Filtered REGUA Area REGUA Area Unprotected
Parasite Variables Parasite Family 0.0001*** 0.0001*** 0.0001*** 0.0001***
0.1764 0.2210 0.1469 0.1262
0.0240* 0.0560 0.0360* 0.0930
Parasite Species 0.0001*** 0.0001*** 0.0001*** 0.0001***
0.4960 0.4960 0.4809 0.5075
0.1230 0.1300 0.0300* 0.0180*
Parasite Sex 0.3886 0.2858 0.0771 0.1475
0.0050 0.0055 0.0095 0.0122
0.0470* 0.0070* 0.0040** 0.0030**
Bat Variables Bat Feeding Guild 0.0001*** 0.0001*** 0.0001*** 0.0001***
0.1787 0.2129 0.1504 0.1656
0.0010** 0.0020** 0.0040** 0.0090*
Bat Family 0.0001*** 0.0001**** 0.0001*** 0.0001***
0.1582 0.1967 0.1184 0.1262
0.0240* 0.0850 0.0440* 0.0949
Bat Species 0.0001*** 0.0001*** 0.0001*** 0.0001***
0.2692 0.2836 0.2626 0.2806
0.0010** 0.0020** 0.0020** 0.0030**
Bat Sex 0.0004*** 0.0004*** 0.0273* 0.2177
0.0207 0.0241 0.0113 0.0110
0.6240 0.1370 0.8660 0.3880
Individual Bat 0.0006** 0.0017** 0.0001*** 0.0416*
0.0141 0.0147 0.0214 0.0151
0.3350 0.4580 0.3150 0.4950
Landscape Variables Region 0.0001*** 0.0001***
0.0477 0.0547
0.4660 0.3340
Protection Status 0.0001***
0.0203
0.0300*
Area 0.0001*** 0.4642
0.0204 0.0079
0.0210* 0.0580
Log2 Area 0.0004*** 0.5154
0.0200 0.0075
0.0250* 0.0500*
Isolation 0.0999 0.0383*
0.0084 0.0152
0.0330* 0.0380*
Log2 Isolation 0.0085* 0.0450*
0.0124 0.0148
0.0280* 0.0380*
Distance to Source 0.1175 0.2727
0.0081 0.0097
0.0230* 0.0500
Log2 Distance to Source 0.6338
0.0066
0.0520
Sampling Site 0.0001*** 0.0001*** 0.0001*** 0.001**
0.1434 0.1486 0.1132 0.1110
0.0690 0.0130* 0.0240* 0.0400*