Variables
Abnormal PALS (n = 60) Normal PALS (n = 42) Total (n = 102)
Crude p value
Adjusted p value£
Age (years) 60.4 ± 11.05 54.6 ± 11.9 58 ± 11.7 0.013 0.533
Male, n (%) 20 (33.3) 21 (50) 41 (40.2) 0.091
Duration of diabetes (years) 8.1 ± 6.9 6.5 ± 4.8 7.4 ± 6.2 0.175
Glycated haemoglobin (%) 7.8 ± 2.6 6.6 ± 2.2 7.3 ± 2.5 0.063
Microvascular complications, n (%) 18 (30) 11 (26.2) 29 (28.4) 0.824
Macrovascular complications n (%)
3 (5)
2 (4.8)
5 (4.9)
0.956
Hypertension, n (%) 40 (66.7) 21 (50) 61 (59.8) 0.091
Chronic kidney disease, n (%)
3 (5)
0 (0)
3 (2.9)
0.266
Dyslipidemia, n (%) 13 (21.7) 4 (9.5) 17 (16.7) 0.105
Total cholesterol level (g/l) 1.8 ± 0.5 1.6 ± 0.3 1.7 ± 0.5 0.208
Duration of HTN, (years) 7.4 ± 5.7 8.6 ± 6.4 7.8 ± 5.9 0.430
Oral antidiabetics, n (%) 47 (78.3) 32 (76.2) 79 (77.5) 0.799
Insulin, n (%) 17 (28.3) 12 (28.6) 29 (28.4) 0.979
ACEi/ARA, n (%) 24 (40) 11 (26.2) 35 (34.3) 0.148
Statin, n (%) 11 (18.3) 5 (11.9) 16 (15.7) 0.380
SBP (mmHg) 144.5 ± 21.8 135.2 ± 21.1 140.6 ± 21.9 0.034 0.937
DBP (mmHg) 88.3 ± 12.2 85.2 ± 11.5 87 ± 11.9 0.211
Heart rate (bpm) 75.2 ± 12.5 79.2 ± 12.4 76.9 ± 12.6 0.111
BMI (Kg/m²) 30.1 ± 6.04 27.1 ± 4.4 28.9 ± 5.6 0.007 0.022