Limitations
The authors recognize several important limitations in this study. First, as with all preclinical studies, there are anatomic and physiologic differences between humans and quadrupeds that may limit translation of the study results. Second, the tissue specificity of PFA can be altered with even small changes in the delivery parameters, including waveform composition and catheter electrode design and configuration. Therefore, the results described herein cannot be assumed to be applicable to other PFA systems. Third, the esophageal deviation model proposed and used in this study represents merely an approximation of clinical conditions and scenarios. Moreover, the lack of endoscopic examination of the studied animals could have limited our assessment of reversible esophageal injury at earlier time points. Finally, the preclinical findings reported in this study require validation through clinical studies prior to adoption for clinical use.