Interventions:
Case 1 received azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine, intravenous hydrocortisone, colchicine, and zinc. Pericardiocentesis and pericardial window were performed on hospital days 1 and 7, respectively. He received therapeutic anti-coagulation with enoxaparin for the first 7 days due to elevated D-dimer level, which was transitioned to deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylactic dose enoxaparin for the following 9 days after development of sanguineous pericardial tamponade.
Case 2 received intravenous hydrocortisone, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, and required pericardial window on hospital day 1.
Case 3 received azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, and tocilizumab twice (before and after ECMO). The patient received ceftriaxone and doxycycline initially and was subsequently transitioned to cefepime. He required ECMO and pericardiocentesis on hospital days 5 and 7, respectively, as well as mechanical ventilation for 6 days. DVT prophylactic dose of unfractionated heparin was administered for the first 5 days of hospitalization, followed by therapeutic dose for the next 4 days.