\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[greek,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Spatial patterns of leaf \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}13C and \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}15N of aquatic macrophytes in the
arid zone of northwestern China\selectlanguage{english}}



\author[1]{Xusheng Gong}%
\author[1]{Zhiyan Xu}%
\author[1]{Qiutong Peng}%
\author[1]{Yuqing Tian}%
\author[2]{Yang Hu}%
\author[3]{Zhongqiang Li}%
\author[4]{Tao Hao}%
\affil[1]{Hubei University}%
\affil[2]{Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences}%
\affil[3]{Affiliation not available}%
\affil[4]{Wildlife Conservation Chief Station of Hubei Province}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 16, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
The analysis of stable isotope composition is an important tool in
research on plant physiological ecology. However, large-scale patterns
of leaf stable isotopes for aquatic macrophytes have received
considerably less attention. In this study, we examined the spatial
pattern of the leaf \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}13C and \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}15N of macrophytes collected across the
arid zone of northwestern China and tried to illustrate how they were
affected by different environmental factors. Our results showed that the
mean values of leaf \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}13C and \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}15N in the macrophytes sampled from the
arid zone were -24.49%0 and 6.82%0, respectively, which were drastically
higher than the values of terrestrial plants. In addition, leaf \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}13C
varied significantly among different life forms, possibly reflecting the
complex photosynthetic fixation and adaptations of macrophytes. In
addition to, our studies indicated that the foliar \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}13C values of all
the aquatic macrophytes were only negatively associated with
precipitation, but the foliar \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}15N values were mainly associated with
temperature, precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. Therefore,
we speculated that the determinant of the leaf \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}13C of macrophytes in
the arid zone of northwestern China is water factors and the leaf \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}15N
values is the complex combination of water and energy factors.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`2020704.doc`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/341487/articles/468386-spatial-patterns-of-leaf-%CE%B413c-and-%CE%B415n-of-aquatic-macrophytes-in-the-arid-zone-of-northwestern-china}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

