CONCLUSIONS
Surgery for prestyloid tumors is evolving in parallel with technology. At present, however, despite multiple reports,2,3,14,23 there are no specific guidelines for selecting TORS or lateral approaches. In the present single-center study of two surgical approaches to these tumors, we have found superior surgical results with medial approaches using TORS or TORS combined with a transcervical approach. TORS can be improved with intraoperative image guidance, and further investigation of these techniques is warranted.