1. Literature review
We selected 26 published papers in total, including 106 eDNA decay rate constants, ranging from 0.0005 to 0.6969 (per hour) (Tables 1 & S1). The filter pore size, DNA fragment size, and water temperature ranged from 0 to 3 µm, 70 to 719 bp, and -1.0 to 36.0°C, respectively. The number of eDNA decay rate constants derived from mitochondrial and nuclear genes were 89 and 17, respectively, and those derived from artificial water, freshwater, and seawater sources were 31, 15, and 60, respectively. Most studies reported eDNA decay rates targeting freshwater and marine fishes, whereas only few papers reported decay rates targeting amphibians and other invertebrates.