6.5.3 Domestic cycle
In this cycle ASFV is transmitted from contaminated pig products to domestic pigs by the involvement of human activities such as trade and slaughter (Chenais et al., 2019). The outbreak of ASF in India can be related to the domestic cycle, where domestic pigs might have attained the infection by means of potential environmental contamination with ASFV through virus escape from infected populations of a nearby country. Maintenance of the domestic cycle endemism in the infected zones and incursion into a different location within the Indian geographic setting is possible because, in most rural settings, pig owners are not aware of the basic biosecurity measures in the farm level. Pigs while on the incubation period of an infectious disease are often taken to live animal markets unintentionally or being unaware of disease symptoms. Moreover, slaughter house waste management system is very poor in India (dahd.nic.in). Unavailability of organized slaughter houses in rural and per-urban premises makes effective management of waste difficult. The contaminated waste generated from such slaughter houses or pig markets will remain as a source of infection to susceptible animals in nearby regions.