Endocardial High Frequency Stimulation in the Atrial Wall
An alternative approach to monitor CNA involves High-Frequency Stimulation (HFS) of the GPs via the endocardium18,13. While this method holds significant academic value in various applications, including AF ablation30. it presents certain challenges specific to CNA. Apart from the inherent issues associated with point-by-point sequential assessment and frequent AF induction, HFS primarily assesses specific areas of innervation and cannot provide an estimate of the global innervation resulting from extensive vagal cardioinhibition. In other words, HFS examines individual branches rather than the entire neural network.
Radioscopy Time The average duration of radioscopy in the CNA+ECVS group was slightly longer than in the CNA group (13.6±11 vs. 13.1±3.2 minutes, p=0.87), but the difference was not statistically significant. However, there was greater data dispersion in the ECVS group. This variation was due to cases in which the vagal effect was rapidly eliminated by anatomical ablation, while in others, it was necessary to expand CNA until vagal effect abolishment or maximum reduction was achieved.