Introduction
MV replacement in patients with severe mitral annular calcification
(MAC) can lead to poor outcomes and serious issues such as
patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM). PPM in patients with MAC must be
prevented as it is associated with harmful effects and its future
correction is extremely challenging and related to adverse results. The
current case report describes a poor outcome of transcatheter mitral
valve-in-valve (ViV) replacement for the treatment of mitral PPM.
Approval by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and informed consent
were waived according to our institutional policies for anonymized case
reports.