MATERIAL and METHODS
Obtaining the ethics committee approval, a questionnaire was queried to urologists. The participants were informed that the results would be used for a scientific study. Urology specialists and residents from university hospitals, public hospitals, education and research hospitals, and private hospitals were included in the study. The 26-question questionnaire was prepared using Google Docs and was dispatched to urologists via email from May 2018–April 2019. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail, and then reminder emails were sent two times a week thereafter. Those who did not answer after one month were not included in the sample. In total, 400 people received the e-mail, and the 226 people who responded were included in the study. The identity and personal information of the respondents were kept confidential.
The questionnaire included questions about the following data: studied institutions and titles, average fluoroscopy shooting times, shooting techniques and how much exposure to doses of radiation were obtained in which positions, fluoroscopy usage positions, protective equipment, dosimeter and protective measures, and which operation was performed most frequently using fluoroscopy. In addition, there were questions about whether the literature’s recommendations regarding the harmful effects of fluoroscopy were followed and whether any adverse effects occurred after the use of fluoroscopy. (Supplemental Table 1)