2.5 Data collection and procedure
A standardized data collection form was used to obtain patients’ demographics, clinical manifestations and signs, laboratory indicators, treatment measures, and clinical outcomes from their electronic medical records. This data form is a revision of the NIH Pakistan Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Association Case Record Form Version.14 The recorded data included:
  1. Demographics: Age, gender, body mass.
  2. Underlying diseases: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, chronic liver disease, tumor.
  3. Symptoms from onset to admission: Fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue or myalgia, diarrhea.
  4. Vital signs at admission to ICU: Heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score.
  5. Laboratory tests at admission: Blood routine, coagulation profile, liver and kidney function tests, myocardial enzyme spectrum, atrial natriuretic peptide (BNP), infection indicators (C-reactive protein, procalcitonin).
  6. Therapies: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), oxygen inhalation, noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).
  7. Complications: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute heart injury, shock.
  8. Hospital stay: Duration of stay in hospital prior to admission to ICU, duration of stay in ICU.