Conclusion
Renal complications post-cardiac surgery can be detrimental if not recognised promptly. There is a need for extensive trials to validate novel prediction scores and hence minimize the occurrence of the most common complication i.e. acute kidney injury. Similarly, early recognition of AKI can prevent the patient from progressing on to developing long-term complications such as chronic kidney injury.
Human studies:  No ethical approval required as no patient information was shared
Data availability statement: The authors confirm that the data supporting this literature are available within the ‘reference’ section of this paper.