References
  1. Jayaraman R, Sunder S, Mohamed A. Post Cardiac Surgery Acute Kidney Injury: A Woebegone Status Rejuvenated by the Novel Biomarkers.Nephro-urology Monthly 2014; 6(4): doi: 10.5812/numonthly.19598
  2. Graziani MP et al. Acute kidney injury in children after cardiac surgery: Risk factors and outcomes. A retrospective cohort study.Arch Argent Pediatr 2019; 117(6):e557-e567
  3. Bastin AJ et al. Acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery according to Risk/Injury/Failure/Loss/End-stage, Acute Kidney Injury Network, and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes classifications.Journal of Critical Care 2013; 28(4): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.12.008
  4. Workeneh BT. Acute Kidney Injury . https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/243492-overview#a3
  5. Kang W, Wu X. Pre-, Intra-, and Post-Operative Factors for Kidney Injury of Patients Underwent Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 2019; 25(): doi: 10.12659/MSM.915996
  6. O’Neal JB, Shaw AD, Billings FT. Acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery: current understanding and future directions. Critical Care 2016; 20(): doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1352-z
  7. Mizuguchi KA, Huang CC, Shempp I, Wang J, Shekar P, Frendl G. Predicting kidney disease progression in patients with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg [Internet]. 2018;155(6):2455-2463.e5. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.01.093
  8. Han GF, Zhang JY, Lu S, Li YZ. Etiological and prognostic factors in patients with acute renal failure after cardiac surgery. Chin J Blood Purific. 2005;4(6):302–305
  9. Mao MA, Thongprayoon C, Wu Y, et al. Incidence, Severity, and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Octogenarians following Heart Valve Replacement Surgery. Int J Nephrol. 2015;2015:237951. doi:10.1155/2015/23795
  10. Yuan SM. Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery: Risk Factors and Novel Biomarkers. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg . 2019;34(3):352-360. Published 2019 Jun 1. doi:10.21470/1678-9741-2018-0212
  11. Kumar AB, Suneja M. Cardiopulmonary Bypass–associated Acute Kidney Injury. Anesthesiology 2011; 114(964-970): https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e318210f86a
  12. Billings FT, Ball SK, Roberts LJ, Pretorius M. Postoperative acute kidney injury is associated with hemoglobinemia and an enhanced oxidative stress response. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Jun 1; 50(11):1480-7.
  13. Ortega-Loubon C, Fernandez-Molina M, Paneda-Delgado L, Jorge-Monjas P, Carrascal Y. Predictors of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2018; 33(4): doi: 10.21470/1678-9741-2017-0251
  14. Legrand M et al. Incidence, risk factors and prediction of post-operative acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery for active infective endocarditis: an observational study. Critical Care 2013; 17(5): doi: 10.1186/cc13041
  15. O’Neal JB, Shaw AD, Billings FT. Acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery: current understanding and future directions. Critical Care 2016; 20(): doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1352-z
  16. Vellinga S, Verbrugghe W, De Paep R, Verpooten GA, Janssen van Doorn K. Identification of modifiable risk factors for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. Neth J Med. 2012;70(10):450–4.
  17. Amini S, Najafi MN, Karrari SP, et al. Risk Factors and Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury after Isolated CABG Surgery: a Prospective Cohort Study. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;34(1):70-75. doi:10.21470/1678-9741-2017-0209
  18. Mizuguchi KA, Huang CC, Shempp I, Wang J, Shekar P, Frendl G. Predicting kidney disease progression in patients with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg [Internet]. 2018;155(6):2455-2463.e5. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.01.093
  19. Rosner MH, Okusa MD. Acute kidney injury associated with cardiac surgery. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Jan; 1(1):19-32.
  20. Thakar CV, Arrigain S, Worley S, Yared JP, Paganini EP. A clinical score to predict acute renal failure after cardiac surgery.. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Jan; 16(1):162-8.
  21. Mehta RH, Grab JD, O’Brien SM, Bridges CR, Gammie JS, Haan CK, Ferguson TB, Peterson ED. Bedside tool for predicting the risk of postoperative dialysis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery., Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Surgery Database Investigators.Circulation. 2006 Nov 21; 114(21):2208-16; quiz 2208.
  22. Huen SC, Parikh CR. Predicting acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a systematic review. Ann Thorac Surg . 2012;93(1):337-347. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.09.010
  23. Birnie K, Verheyden V, Pagano D, Bhabra M, Tilling K, Sterne JA, Murphy GJ. Predictive models for kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) defined acute kidney injury in UK cardiac surgery., UK AKI in Cardiac Surgery Collaborators.Crit Care. 2014 Nov 20; 18(6):606.
  24. Khwaja A. KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury. Nephron Clin Pract. 2012; 120(4):c179-84.
  25. Brochard L, Abroug F, Brenner M, Broccard AF, Danner RL, Ferrer M, Laghi F, Magder S, Papazian L, Pelosi P, Polderman KH. An Official ATS/ERS/ESICM/SCCM/SRLF Statement: Prevention and Management of Acute Renal Failure in the ICU Patient: an international consensus conference in intensive care medicine. ATS/ERS/ESICM/SCCM/SRLF Ad Hoc Committee on Acute Renal Failure.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010 May 15; 181(10):1128-55.
  26. Palevsky PMMP. Acute kidney injury and critical care nephrology. NephSAP. 2006;5(2):72–120 Renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury.Palevsky PM Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2013 Jan; 20(1):76-84.
  27. Harky A, Joshi M, Gupta S, Teoh WY, Gatta F, Snosi M. Acute Kidney Injury Associated with Cardiac Surgery: a Comprehensive Literature Review. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2020;35(2):211-224. Published 2020 Apr 1. doi:10.21470/1678-9741-2019-0122
  28. Liu Y, Davari-Farid S, Arora P, Porhomayon J, Nader ND. Early versus late initiation of renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2014;28(3):557-563. doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2013.12.030
  29. Leite TT, Macedo E, Pereira SM, Bandeira SR, Pontes PH, Garcia AS, Militão FR, Sobrinho IM, Assunção LM, Libório AB. Timing of renal replacement therapy initiation by AKIN classification system. Crit Care. 2013 Apr 2; 17(2):R62.
  30. Pickkers P, Heemskerk S, Schouten J, Laterre PF, Vincent JL, Beishuizen A, Jorens PG, Spapen H, Bulitta M, Peters WH, van der Hoeven JG. Alkaline phosphatase for treatment of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.. Crit Care. 2012 Jan 23; 16(1):R14.
  31. Chew S, Ng R, Liu W, Chow K, Ti L. Acute kidney injury increases the risk of end-stage renal disease after cardiac surgery in an Asian population: a prospective cohort study. BMC Nephrology. 2017;18(1):1-8.
  32. Rydén L, Sartipy U, Evans M, Holzmann M. Acute Kidney Injury After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Long-Term Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease. Circulation. 2014;130(23):2005-2011.
  33. Lo L, Go A, Chertow G, McCulloch C, Fan D, Ordoñez J et al. Dialysis-requiring acute renal failure increases the risk of progressive chronic kidney disease. Kidney International. 2009;76(8):893-899.
  34. Hickson L, Chaudhary S, Williams A, Dillon J, Norby S, Gregoire J et al. Predictors of Outpatient Kidney Function Recovery Among Patients Who Initiate Hemodialysis in the Hospital. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2015;65(4):592-602.
  35. Xu J, Zhu J, Jiang J, Ding X, Fang Y, Shen B et al. Risk Factors for Long-Term Mortality and Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease Associated With Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery. Medicine. 2015;94(45):1-6.
  36. Legouis D, Galichon P, Bataille A, Chevret S, Provenchère S, Boutten A et al. Rapid Occurrence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients Experiencing Reversible Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery. Anesthesiology. 2017;126(1):39-46.
  37. Ferenbach D, Bonventre J. Mechanisms of maladaptive repair after AKI leading to accelerated kidney ageing and CKD. Nature Reviews Nephrology. 2015;11(5):264-276.
  38. Legouis D, Jamme M, Galichon P, Provenchère S, Boutten A, Buklas D et al. Development of a practical prediction score for chronic kidney disease after cardiac surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2018;121(5):1025-1033.
  39. Lankadeva Y, Kosaka J, Evans R, Bailey S, Bellomo R, May C. Intrarenal and urinary oxygenation during norepinephrine resuscitation in ovine septic acute kidney injury. Kidney International. 2016;90(1):100-108.
  40. Madsen N, Goldstein S, Frøslev T, Christiansen C, Olsen M. Cardiac surgery in patients with congenital heart disease is associated with acute kidney injury and the risk of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International. 2017;92(3):751-756.
  41. Jacob K, Leaf D. Prevention of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Anesthesiology Clinics. 2019;37(4):729-749.
  42. Medalion B, Cohen H, Assali A, Vaknin Assa H, Farkash A, Snir E et al. The effect of cardiac angiography timing, contrast media dose, and preoperative renal function on acute renal failure after coronary artery bypass grafting. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2010;139(6):1539-1544.
  43. Rosner M, Okusa M. Acute Kidney Injury Associated with Cardiac Surgery. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2006;1(19-32):19-32.
  44. Fu H, Chou N, Chen Y, Yu H. Risk factor for acute kidney injury in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Asian Journal of Surgery. 2020;:1-6.
  45. Lei C, Berra L, Rezoagli E, Yu B, Dong H. Nitric Oxide Decreases Acute Kidney Injury and Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease after Cardiac Surgery. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2018;198(10):1279-1287.
  46. Scrascia G, Guida P, Rotunno C, de Luca Tupputi Schinosa L, Paparella D. Anti-Inflammatory Strategies to Reduce Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Artificial Organs. 2013;38(2):101-112.
  47. Meersch M, Schmidt C, Hoffmeier A, Van Aken H, Wempe C, Gerss J et al. Prevention of cardiac surgery-associated AKI by implementing the KDIGO guidelines in high risk patients identified by biomarkers: the PrevAKI randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Medicine. 2017;43(11):1551-1561.
  48. Wang Y, Bellomo R. Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: risk factors, pathophysiology and treatment. Nature Reviews Nephrology. 2017;13(11):697-711.
  49. Vives M, Hernandez A, Parramon F, Estanyol N, Pardina B. Acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: prevalence, impact and management challenges. International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease. 2019;12:153-166.
  50. Menez S, Moledina D, Garg A, Thiessen-Philbrook H, McArthur E, Jia Y et al. Results from the TRIBE-AKI Study found associations between post-operative blood biomarkers and risk of chronic kidney disease after cardiac surgery. Kidney International. 2020;.