Macrolide antibiotic exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of congenital anomaly: A European case-control study
Aminkeng Zawuo Leke1; Helen Dolk1; Maria Loane1; Karen Casson1; Vera Nelen2; Ingeborg Barišić3; Ester Garne4; Anke Rissman5; Mary O’Mahony6; Amanda J Neville7; Anna Pierini8; Jorieke E.H. Bergman9; Kari Klungsøyr10; Anna Materna-Kiryluk11; Anna Latos Bielenska12; Clara Cavero Carbonell13; Marie-Claude Addor14; David Tucker15
  1. Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, Institute for Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University-UK
  2. Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium
  3. Children’s Hospital Zagreb, Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Medical School University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
  4. Paediatric Department Hospital, Lillebaelt Skovvangen, Kolding, Denmark
  5. Malformation Monitoring Centre Saxony-Anhalt, Medical Faculty Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
  6. Medicine Department of Public Health, St Finbarr’s Hospital Douglas Road, Cork, Ireland
  7. IMER Registry (Emila Romagna Registry of Birth Defects), Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of Ferrara - Azienda Ospedaliero - Universitaria di Ferrara, Corso della Giovecca, Ferrara, Italy
  8. Tuscany Registry of Congenital Defects, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology/Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
  9. Department of Medical Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  10. Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Kalfarveien, Bergen, Norway
  11. Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations, Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
  12. Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics. 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
  13. Rare Diseases Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, Valencia, Spain.
  14. Registre Vaudois des Malformations EUROCAT Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Maternité, Lausanne, Switzerland
  15. Congenital Anomaly Register & Information Service, Level 3 West Wing, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, United Kingdom
Corresponding Author: Aminkeng Zawuo Leke
Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, Institute for Nursing and Health Research,
Ulster University, Shore Road. Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim
BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland United Kingdom
Email: az.leke@ulster.ac.uk; Tel: +4407568214655
Running title: Macrolides use in pregnancy and risk of congenital anomalies
Tweetable abstract: Macrolide antibiotics, including azithromycin considered for COVID-19 treatment, are associated with increased risk of birth defects.
The likelihood of getting LS by age 80 years is
1.6%. The mortality of women with LS is reduced compared with
The likelihood of getting LS by age 80 years is
1.6%. The mortality of women with LS is reduced compared with