Mode of transmission
LSD was recognized as a notifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as it causes significant economic losses((AHAW), 2015). The economic losses are the outcome of restrictions of animal products to the global trade and costly control and eradication measures. Insect vectors (mosquitoes, flies, ticks, etc.), contaminated needles, vehicles from the infected area play a major role in the transmission of this virus. LSD can spread rapidly during summer and autumn months when the environment is moist, warm favorable for the growth and reproduction of houseflies, mosquitoes, etc. Stomoxys, Biomyia fasciata, Tabanidae, Glossina, and Culicoides species are considered to be the main vector for transmission(Rueda, Patel, Axtell, & Stinner, 1990).