Conclusion
LSD is one of the major trans-boundary disease affecting cattle and
buffaloes and are spreading continuously. We must focus on the
quarantine of imported animals, isolation of infected animals, and
vaccination. Currently, the available vaccine does not provide each
individual with solid protection resulting in the dissemination of the
virus by insect vectors. However, the Neethling vaccine is highly
effective to prevent morbidity of LSD and must be used for mass
vaccination as soon as possible.