Geographical distribution
The disease was seen late in 1929 in Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) and was
endemic to African countries for 50 years(Woods, 1988). LSD was found
and diagnosed in East Africa (Kenya), Sudan and, West Africa in 1957,
1972, and 1974 respectively. Unconfirmed cases of LSD were reported in
Oman and Kuwait between 1984 and 1988(House et al., 1990). It has been
spreading rapidly since 2012 through the Middle East, south-east Europe,
the Balkans, Caucasus and, Russia and into mainland Europe (Greece) in
2015. The reason behind the sporadic spread of LSD was unclear but
multiple researchers presented various Hypotheses including climatic
conditions favorable to LSDV spread, or civil conflicts(Beard, 2019).
LSD appeared for the first time in Central Asia in July 2016 in
Kazakhstan near the border with Russia and the outbreak was controlled
with stamping out and a mass vaccination campaign(Europe, No, &
Gf-tads, 2018).
LSD was encountered on 12th Aug 2019 in India and
3rd Aug 2019 in China. Due to the presence of an open
Indo-Nepal border, there was a higher risk of an outbreak of LSD in
Nepal(“Lumpy skin disease India:,” 2019; Health, Centre, & Affairs,
2020).