Hexane |
Dried |
Soxhlet extraction followed by filtration |
3.0% |
42.9% |
30.0 % |
1.27% |
0.89% |
Current study |
95% Ethanol |
Dried |
Soaking at
room temperature (3 times), partitioning between water and ethyl acetate
and drying the ethyl acetate layer. |
14.8% |
0.09% |
0.03% |
0.013%* |
0.004%* |
(Su et al., 2017) |
95% Ethanol |
Dried |
Percolation, partitioning in chloroform and water
and drying the chloroform layer. |
13.3%* |
10.0%* |
5.0%* |
1.33%* |
0.66%* |
(Mahmoud, 1981) |
Ethanol |
Wet |
Maceration at 25 ℃ (twice), evaporation to concentrate
and filtration. |
0.43% |
6.3% |
6.3% |
0.03%* |
0.03%* |
(Orazbekov et al.,
2018) |
Methanol |
Dried |
Ultrasonication for 30 min, filtration and
evaporation. |
5.6% |
26.4% |
24.0% |
1.48 |
1.43 |
(Abourashed et al.,
2015) |
Methanol |
Dried |
Ultrasonication for 15 min at room temperature and
centrifugation. |
nd |
nd |
nd |
0.1-2.1% |
0.4-5.0% |
(Darji et al.,
2013) |
Ethyl acetate |
Wet |
Soaking overnight at room temperature, drying with
anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtering. |
1.53% |
25.7% |
36.2% |
0.39% |
0.55% |
(Tsao et al.,
2003) |
Supercritical CO2 |
12.7% moisture |
210 bar at 40 ℃ or 350 bar at 60 ℃ |
5.3-7.9 % |
nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |
(Filip et al.,
2015) |
Chloroform |
Wet |
Soaking at room temperature for 2 days and
evaporation |
4.03% |
nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |
(Kupeli et al.,
2006) |
Water |
Wet |
Soaking at room temperature for 2 days and evaporation |
7.17% |
nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |
(Kupeli et al.,
2006) |