Fig. 1 – Sampling locations overlaying summer precipitation across Spain, with gradient from dry Mediterranean to wet Atlantic. Ovals encompass the two allopatric regions (Granada and Jaen forM. escalerai and northern Cantabria for M. crypticus ). The rectangle encompasses the sympatric region (La Rioja and the Mediterranean climatic zone at the south of Cantabria). Insert shows the sympatric region with locally sympatric (red) versus locally allopatric (blue and orange) locations. Black star on the sympatric location at the E side of the main map in Catalunya denotes a swarming site and was excluded from the analysis.