The intensities of above- (Above) and below-ground (Below) interactions were classified into Low (L), moderate (M) and high (H) levels mainly according to the responses of total biomass. Results of the present study were in bold font.
a NS, + and﹣signify no change, an increase and decrease in root: shoot ratio or root mass ratio in response to competition. UA indicates the relevant information is unavailable.
b Size of pots or unrestricted space (UR) in field experiments.
c Number of individuals per square meter or pot (m-2 or pot-1), or light treatments.