2.1 Viruses and specimens
All viruses used in this study were either cell culture (CC) or clinical
specimen (CS) (swabs, tissues and blood). Multiple CC isolates of the
three CaPV members (LSDV, GPV and SPV) and the seven serotypes of FMDV
(A, Asia1, C, O, SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3) were used. Other CC viruses
include bovine herpes virus (BHV) types 1 and 2, PPRV, bovine viral
diarrhea virus (BVDV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) strains New
Jersey (VSV-NJ) and Indiana (VSV-IN), and BTV serotypes 1, 6, 9, 13 and
22. All CC viruses were obtained from the biological repository of the
Reagents and Vaccine Services Section (RVSS) of the USDA Foreign Animal
Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (USDA-FADDL), located at the Plum Island
Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Orient Point, New York, USA. The complete
list of the viruses and their origins are shown in supplemental table 1.
Clinical specimens used in the study were as follows: thirty five CaPV
specimens (swabs, skin lesions, skin nodules, scab, EDTA blood) from
sheep (n=10), goats (n=15) and cattle (n=10), experimentally infected
with SPV-Nigeria, GPV-India and LSDV-Neethling, respectively, obtained
from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Winnipeg, Canada, as
previously reported (Das et al. 2017b); thirty-six PaPV specimens (skin
and scabs) from naturally infected sheep (n=9), goats (n=15), and cattle
(n=12), obtained from the Diagnostic Services Section (DSS) of FADDL
(DSS-FADDL) as previously reported (Das et al. 2017a); and thirty-nine
FMDV specimens (tissues, EDTA blood and serum) from experimentally
infected cattle, obtained from USDA Agricultural Research Services
(USDA-ARS), PIADC. The PaPV specimens were collected from infected
ruminants (sheep, goats and cattle) from different geographical regions
of the United States between 2003 and 2005 that were submitted to
DSS-FADDL to rule-out CaPV and FMDV. Negative control specimens (skin)
were also used, and they were collected from healthy cattle.