\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Size- and Leaf age-dependent Effects on the Photosynthetic Physiological
Responses of Artemisia ordosica to Drought Stress}



\author[1]{chunyuan wang}%
\author[1]{Minghan Yu}%
\author[1]{ Guodong Ding}%
\author[1]{Guanglei  Gao}%
\author[1]{Linlin Zhang}%
\author[1]{Yingying  He}%
\author[1]{Wei Liu}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 10, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Drought is one of the most significant natural disasters in the arid and
semi-arid areas of China. The growth stages of populations or plant
organs often differ in how they respond to drought and other
adversities. At present, little is known about size- and leaf
age-dependent differences in the mechanisms of shrubs-related drought
resistance in China's deserts. We studied Artemisia ordosica Krasch to
evaluate its photosynthesis responses to drought stress. A field
experiment conducted in Mu Us Desert, Ningxia, China. Rainfall was
manipulated by installing outdoor shelters, with four rainfall
treatments applied to 12 plots (each 5 ? 5 m). There were four
precipitation levels CK (ambient), -30\%, -50\%, -70\%, each with three
replications. Taking individual crown size as the dividing basis, the
responses of the plants' photosynthetic systems to drought were measured
at different growth stages, i.e. large-sized (>1 m2), medium-sized
(0.25-1 m2), small-sized (<0.25 m2). In the meanwhile, leaves were
divided into mature leaves and new ones for separately measurement. Our
results showed that (1) under drought stress, the transfer efficiency of
light energy captured by antenna pigments to the PSII reaction center
decreased, and the heat dissipation capacity increased simultaneously.
To resist the photosynthetic system damage caused by drought, A.
ordosica enhanced free radical scavenging by activating the antioxidant
enzyme system. (2) The threshold for a reduction in rainfall was 70\%;
beyond this value, the adaptive regulation of the photosynthetic system
in A. ordosica failed. (3) The growth stages and leaves age led to
differences in the photosynthetic system reaction to drought. Small A.
ordosica plants could not withstand severe drought stress (70\% rainfall
reduction), whereas large A. ordosica individuals could absorb deep soil
water to ensure their survival. Under mild drought stress, tender
(younger) leaves had a greater ability to resist drought than older
leaves, whereas the latter were more resistant to drought under severe
stress.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Size- and Leaf age-dependent Effects on the Photosynthetic Physiological Responses of Artemisia ordosica to Drought Stress.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/360054/articles/482328-size-and-leaf-age-dependent-effects-on-the-photosynthetic-physiological-responses-of-artemisia-ordosica-to-drought-stress}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

