Characteristics Blackstone et al.21 Albrecht et al.22 Srivastava et al.23 Stulak et al.24 Onorati et al.25 Gillinov et al.26
Year 2019 2009 2008 2014 2011 2006
Country of origin USA Brazil India USA Italy USA
Type of study RCT RCT RCT NRSI NRSI NRSI
Study period 2010-2013 1999-2004 2000-2005 1993-2011 2003-2008 1993-2004
Follow-up, median, m 12 36 44 38 30 13.5
No. of patients
Cox-Maze 66 20 40 256 109 41
PVI 67 20 40 68 32 31
Age, mean±SD, y
Cox-Maze 68.2±10.4 51.7±12.4 37.1±11.1 62 64±9 64±9.3
PVI 71.3±10.3 55.1±9.2 40.9±11.4 68 65±8 66±12
Female gender (%)
Cox-Maze 42.4 75 52.5 NR 28 51
PVI 43.3 70 50 NR 44 48
Longstanding persistent AF (%)
Cox-Maze 54.6 100 100 55 100 *54m
PVI 50.8 100 100 19 100 *3m
XCT, mean±SD, min
Cox-Maze 107.4±44 78.5±15.9 NR 59±5 74±6 NR
PVI 98.4±38.7 74.8±19.2 NR 65±6 73±7 NR
CPB time, mean±SD, min
Cox-Maze 152.4±60.8 123±21 NR 103±7 112 NR
PVI 143.3±65.9 99.9±23.8 NR 90±8 110 NR
Rate of MV repair (%)
Cox-Maze 56.1 55 2.5 NR 64 76
PVI 62.7 60 7.5 NR 72 68
LAAO (%)
Cox-Maze 100 100 NR 100 100 100
PVI 100 100 NR 70 100 100
Recurrence of AF at 12 m (%)
Cox-Maze 23 15 20 13 17 8
PVI 36 10 12.5 30 35 11
Mortality at 12 m (%)
Cox-Maze 6.1 15 10 2 1.4 2
PVI 7.5 5 10 10 6.0 2
Stroke at 12 m (%)
Cox-Maze 1.5 NR NR 1 NR 2
PVI 4.5 NR NR 1 NR 2
Follow-up monitoring protocol Transtelephonic monitoring ECG ECG ECG 24h Holter ECG ECG