2.1.1 Main drugs involved
Drugs inducing preferential precapillary arteriolar vasodilatation rise
capillary hydrostatic pressure, therefore increasing extravasation from
the vascular space into the interstitium. The main causative medications
include antihypertensive agents (e.g., calcium channel blockers,
minoxidil, hydralazine (Messerli, 2002)), antiparkinsonian drugs
(Borovac, 2016; Perez-Lloret et al., 2014; E. K. Tan & Ondo, 2000;
E.-K. Tan, 2007; Wood, 2010) potentially through peripheral D1 receptors
stimulation (Zeng, Zhang, Asico, Eisner, & Jose, 2007), antidepressant
inhibiting 5-HT2 receptors (Ravi, Ravishankar, & Andrade, 2014; Tuman,
Tuman, Tuman, & Tuman, 2018; Uguz, 2014), antipsychotics with
α1-adrenolytic effect and/or inhibitory effect on 5-HT2 receptors
(Hosseini & Ahmadi, 2012; Umar & Abdullahi, 2016), baclofen (Bence et
al., 2014) potentially through GABAergic vasodilatation (Estato, Araújo,
Bousquet, & Tibiriçá, 2004; Zhang & Mifflin, 2010), endothelin
receptors antagonists (Wei et al., 2016), insulin (Lalande & Romero,
2019)).