3. CONCLUSION
Many drugs are accountable, through different mechanisms, for peripheral edema. Severity is distinctly variable ranging from slight edema of the lower limbs to anasarca pictures as in capillary leak syndrome. Although most often pitting and bilateral, some drugs are associated with peripheral edema that is readily erythematous (e.g., dopaminergic agonists, pemetrexed) or unilateral (e.g., sirolimus). Apart from calcium channel blockers, drug-induced peripheral edema is underrecognized and misdiagnosed, frequently leading to a prescribing cascade. Four main mechanisms are involved, namely precapillary arteriolar vasodilation (vasodilatory edema), sodium/water retention (renal edema), lymphatic insufficiency (lymphedema) and increased capillary permeability (permeability edema).