Food triggers
The most common food triggers were rice (45%), cow’s milk (30%), soy (13%) and eggs (12%) (Table 2). multiple FPIES occurred in 36% individuals. No factors from were strongly associated with developing multiple FPIES (Figure 1). There was no association between FPIES to multiple triggers and vaginal delivery versus caesarean section (OR=.68, CI=0.3-1.6, P =0.36). There were slightly higher odds of having FPIES to multiple triggers with increased breastfeeding duration (OR=1.1 per month, CI=1-1.2, P =0.03).
Rice (OR=3.7, CI=1.9-7.2, P <.001) and cow’s milk (OR=3.2, CI=1.6-6.4, P <0.001) were associated with increased odds of having FPIES to multiple food triggers. By phi coefficient, there was correlation between rice and oats; eggs and other grains; cow’s milk and soy; and fish and shellfish as a trigger, but most correlations were low (Figure 2). Of 39 children with rice FPIES who had multiple food trigger, 16 (41%) were reactive to oats, 13 (33%) reacted to fruits and vegetables, 12 (31%) reacted to cow’s milk, and 5 (13%) reacted to eggs. 28 children with milk FPIES had multiple food triggers, 12 (43%) who also reacted to soy, 12 reacting to fruits and vegetables, and 5 (18%) reacting to eggs.