2.3 Cardiac catheterization
Preoperative right heart (with or without left heart) catheterization
procedures were done from femoral or right internal jugular veins by an
interventionalist experienced in hemodynamic measurements. Indirect Fick
method was used to calculate cardiac output, and Bergstra’s formula was
used to estimate minute oxygen consumption (5,6). Right ventricular
stroke work index was calculated by subtracting right atrial pressure
from mean pulmonary artery pressure and multiplying the result with
stroke volume index.