4. Conclusions
DDCL, ET and BT can significantly enhance the low-temperature flow properties of BWCO. The PP, CFPP and CP of BWCO-ET-DDCL and BWCO-BT-DDCL ternary blends were superior to those of binary biodiesel blends. BT and DDCL present better improvement of the low temperature performance of BWCO as the large dissolving capacity of DDCL and BT for saturated FAMEs in biodiesel retarded the aggregation and growth of large crystals. For ternary blends containing 20 vol.% BWCO, BWCO-BT-DDCL (20:10:70) ternary blends presented the lowest PP, CFPP, and CP with values of −23 °C, −19 °C, and −17 °C, respectively. Lower CFPP below −20 °C was possibly reached by BWCO-BT-DDCL blends containing no more than 15 vol.% BWCO, and such blend fuels can be used in extremely cold regions of China.