CONCLUSION
Our study illustrates that infants who are born premature and develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia have significantly different long-term pulmonary trajectories than what would be expected of “healthy” controls. A decreased FEV1 percent predicted, suggestive of airflow obstruction, was associated with a lower median household income, presence of a Nissen fundoplication, and a lower weight percentile at two years of age whereas a decreased FVC percent predicted, suggestive of decreased pulmonary reserve, was associated with an increased amount of supplemental oxygen required at the time of discharge from the NICU, presence of a Nissen fundoplication, and lower weight percentile at two years of age. Future prospective studies should focus on further clarifying potential modifiable risk factors, particularly those that may be associated with lower household income, that could prevent the development of disease or minimize its impact on later lung function.