2.3.5 Berg Balance Scale Test
This is the most commonly used test and also the gold standard for evaluating static and dynamic balances in adults.17, 18 This test involves 14 tasks, and the subject’s performance was observed during the sequence of sitting down, standing up, performing different types of standing action on feet (such as with eyes open and closed, at tandem, on 1 leg, etc.), then transferring, reaching forward and stretching, and finally turning around. The performance was graded on a scale of 0–4. The total score was 0–56. Higher scores reflected better balance. The threshold was 46, and scores <46 indicated a risk of falling.19